SQL表达式

表达式是一个或多个值,运算符和SQL函数计算结果的值的组合。

SQL表达式与公式相似,他们编写查询语言。您也可以使用它们来查询数据库中的特定的数据集。

语法

考虑SELECT语句的基本语法如下:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN 
FROM table_name 
WHERE [CONDITION|EXPRESSION];

有不同类型的SQL表达式,其中可提到如下面:

SQL - 布尔表达式:

SQL布尔表达式提取匹配单个值为基础的数据。下面是语法:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN 
FROM table_name 
WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;

考虑CUSTOMERS表具有以下记录:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

下面是简单的例子,显示SQL布尔表达式的用法:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY = 10000;
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
| ID | NAME  | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY   |
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
|  7 | Muffy |  24 | Indore  | 10000.00 |
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - 数字表达式:

这个表达式用来在任何查询执行任何数学运算。下面是语法:

SELECT numerical_expression as  OPERATION_NAME
[FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION] ;

这里数值表达式被用于数学表达式或任何公式。 下面是一个简单的例子,显示SQL数字表达式的用法:

SQL> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION
+----------+
| ADDITION |
+----------+
|       21 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

还有像一些内置函数avg(), sum(), count()等,执行了被称为数据计算对表或特定的表列集合体。

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM CUSTOMERS; 
+---------+
| RECORDS |
+---------+
|       7 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - 日期表达式:

日期表达式返回当前系统日期和时间值:

SQL>  SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
+---------------------+
| Current_Timestamp   |
+---------------------+
| 2009-11-12 06:40:23 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

另一个日期表达式如下:

SQL>  SELECT  GETDATE();;
+-------------------------+
| GETDATE                 |
+-------------------------+
| 2009-10-22 12:07:18.140 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

链接: https://fly63.com/course/32_1535