SQL ALTER TABLE命令用于添加,删除或修改列在一个现有的表。
也可以使用ALTER TABLE命令可在现有的表中添加和删除各种约束。
ALTER TABLE基本语法来添加新的列到现有表如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE用于DROP COLUMN在现有表的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
ALTER TABLE的基本语法更改列的数据类型(DATA TYPE)在表中如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE添加NOT NULL约束到一个表的列的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE添加唯一约束到表的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint UNIQUE(column1, column2...);
ALTER TABLE添加CHECK约束到表的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint CHECK (CONDITION);
ALTER TABLE添加PRIMARY KEY约束到表的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2...);
ALTER TABLE从表中删除约束的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint;
如果使用MySQL,参考代码如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX MyUniqueConstraint;
ALTER TABLE从表中删除主键约束的基本语法如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey;
如果使用MySQL,代码如下:
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP PRIMARY KEY;
考虑CUSTOMERS表具有以下记录:
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
以下是添加一个新列到现有的表的示例:
ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERS ADD SEX char(1);
现在对CUSTOMERS表作出改变,下面是来自SELECT语句的输出:
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | SEX |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | NULL |
| 2 | Ramesh | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | NULL |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | NULL |
| 4 | kaushik | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | NULL |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | NULL |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | NULL |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | NULL |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+------+
以下是例子,从现有的表中删除 sex 列:
ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERS DROP SEX;
现在对CUSTOMERS表作出改变,下面是来自SELECT语句的输出:
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Ramesh | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | kaushik | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+---------+-----+-----------+----------+